cognates and false cognates

                                                                         Cognate

In historical linguistics, called cognates or doublets to those terms with the same etymological origin, but with different phonetic evolution. The word derives from the Latin cognatus, from co-(with) and-Gnatus, natus, past participle of the Latin verb NASCI "born". Its literal translation would be consanguineous, with a common ancestor, or related by nature, feature or function análoga.1

For example, encyclopaedia (from the English translation) is a cognate of encyclopaedia (in Castilian). Sometimes can be written long series of cognate terms within the same family of languages​​. For example between Indo-European languages ​​have two sets of cognates.

example: car: carro

intensive:intensive

cup: Copa

 

                                                                    false cognate



A false cognate is a word that, due to fortuitous similarities in appearance and meaning, seems to keep relationship with another word of a different language, but they do not really share the same etymological origin (not true cognates) .1 2

The typical example is that of the English verb to have ('have', 'be') and the like Spanish verb have, which, despite its seemingly obvious similarities, actually come from very different roots protoindoeuropeas: To Have is from the English of * kap-('grab'), and in fact is related to our word capture, though not enough, while our belt comes from the root * ghabh protoindoeuropea ('give'), and although neither seems, is related to the English to give ('give').